Filipović, Aleksa (2023) ЕС, НАТО и Россия в идеологии и практике правых популистских партий Финляндии и Скандинавии: сравнительный анализ / EU, NATO, and Russia in the ideology and practice of right-wing populist parties in Finland and Scandinavia: a comparative analysis. Doctoral thesis, Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Университет.
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Abstract
The rise in popularity of right-wing parties in Europe over the past two decades has attracted much attention from both scholars and the media, who have sought to understand the phenomenon of why some people in the most developed parts of the world tend to support and vote for right-wing populist political movements and parties. It can be argued that in times of crisis, people tend to rally around strong or visionary leaders, especially if they offer simple solutions to complex problems in the country and society. And if you look at the European continent, it has experienced several crises over the past decade, such as the 2008 international economic crisis; financial stabilization of the European Union (EU) in 2010 through the mechanism of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), the migration crisis of 2015, the Brexit vote and the UK exit from the EU (2017-2020); and more recently the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the Ukraine crisis that began in 2014. All this became a test of European unity and solidarity and again put the national interests of individual countries above the supranational interests of the EU as a whole. In turn, this, of course, affected the domestic political arena of European countries. The phenomenon of the growing popularity of right-wing populist parties in Europe is not new, but rather a continuous process that has been going on since the early 2000s. Some of the examples include parties such as the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna), the Finns Party (Perussuomalaiset), Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland), the Italian Five Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle) and the Northern League for the Independence of Padania (Lega Nord), the Spanish Voice (Vox), the National Rally (Rassemblement National, former National Front - Front National), Danish People's Party (Dansk Folkeparti), Hungarian Jobbik (Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom) and Fidesz (Fidesz), Norwegian Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet), Polish Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) and others. While these parties share some commonalities, such as conservative ideologies, respect for Western Christian and traditional family values, rejection of multiculturalism, and a strong anti-immigration stance, they can also differ in some ways. Each European region has its own historical, cultural, political, and socio-economic context in which countries and societies have developed. Thus, the parties listed above as an example are considered to belong to the family of right-wing populist parties, but at the same time, they should also be considered in their regional context. Or, in other words, what is considered a right-wing populist party in Scandinavia may be considered a moderate center-right political party in the rest of Europe and vice versa. In the Nordic region, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark have not been isolated from the shocks and shocks of these crises. The social democratic and liberal governments of these countries have come under intense pressure from their constituencies and populations to address a number of issues that have begun to burden their societies. This, in turn, meant that some other political options, mostly on the right side of the political spectrum, began to gain popularity, and in some cases even enough votes to enter coalition governments. Although as of early 2022 none of the main right-wing populist parties in these countries are members of a coalition government, they have good potential to test the possibility of becoming a political party in their country after the next parliamentary elections (as in the case of the Swedish Democrats and the Finns Party) or to become a member of the ruling coalition again, as in the case of the Progress Party. This means that such parties are also able to influence not only the domestic politics of their nation-states but also foreign policy. Given this potential, it is important to understand the ideas, motivations, and policies of such parties and their leadership, as it is highly likely that right-wing populist political options will not lose their appeal or influence in the coming decade. In addition, it is important to understand the specifics of right-wing populism in the Nordic region so that the politics and motivations of such parties can be seen in the right context.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | J Political Science > JA Political science (General) J Political Science > JC Political theory J Political Science > JN Political institutions (Europe) J Political Science > JZ International relations |
| Depositing User: | Mr Petar Milutinović |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Oct 2024 12:26 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Oct 2024 12:26 |
| URI: | http://repo.ies.rs/id/eprint/125 |
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